The Greek is from the 14th century BC. But it wasn't until the 8th century BC, that the Greeks fit the Phoenician alphabet of Northwest Syria, and took it for their own. The major change by the Greeks to this alphabet was the idea of five letters to represent vowel sounds. By the 4th century BC, the alphabet became uniform throughout the Greek world. This alphabet served as a model for letter alphabets, with the one we use today.

The Greeks wrote on papyrus rolls that were from Egypt through the port of Byblos in Lebanon. Our word bible comes from the city of "Byblos". The chance of learning to read, and write was available to all Greeks from the 6th century BC..

Every city-state had its own way of recording time. The city-state also had different names for the months and the new year, which began at different time, even though each tried to keep the calendar in beat with the seasons. In classical time the months began with the new moon and were named after festivals in each city.

The names of Athenian months were: Hekatombaion, Metageimion, Boedromion, Pyanopsion, Maimakierion, Poseidon, Gamelion, Anthesterion, Elaphebolion, Mounychion, Thargelion and Skirophorion.

After Alexander the Great's death, other calendars were adopted by the Greeks but some city-states kept their own calendars until about AD 200. To recall certain events, Greeks would refer to native court or kings, such as "When Pleistolas was ephor" or from lists of victors at the Olympic Games.

Greek mathematics were very developed by the second half of the fifth century BC. Numbers were created for the numbers one to nine, and all sorts of symbols symbolized the number ten. A note system was created. Greeks mathematics worked at itself to ideal thinking and calculation, and made possible important advances in geometry. Trigonometry was also used in astronomy.

The Greek astronomer Aristarchus of Samos, in the 3rd century BC, first put forward the theory that the sun was the center of the universe and not earth.

Euclid was a mathematician whose great work in geometry was called Elements. Archimedes found special information on geometry. Erastosthenes calculated the diameter of the earth to within a few hundred miles. Hipparchus calculated the equinoxes. Pythagoras contribued to mathematics, philosophy, and music.

Link to Map of the World according the Eratosthenes and Important Dates in Astronomy of the Greeks.

The basic Greek unit was 'finger', that was equal to 3/4 inch (19.3 cm). 16 fingers = 1 foot, (30,8 centimeter). 24 fingers = 1 and a half feet ( or 1 Olympic cubit)

Soft items were measured in 'metretes'.. A 'metrete' was equal to 7 points (9.4 liters). The basic Greek unit of weight was a 'talent', that was equal to 57 pounds (25.8 kilograms). The Romans later adopted the Greek system of weights and measures.